Write short note on wind energy.
Wind Energy is renewable energy harnessed from the kinetic energy of moving air masses. Wind turbines convert this kinetic energy into mechanical energy, which is then converted to electrical energy through generators. It is one of the fastest-growing and most cost-effective renewable energy sources globally.
Wind turbines work on the principle of aerodynamic lift. When wind flows over the specially designed blades, it creates a pressure difference (lower pressure on top, higher below), causing the blades to rotate. This rotation drives a generator to produce electricity.
| Type | Description | Application |
|---|---|---|
| Horizontal Axis (HAWT) | Blades rotate around horizontal axis; most common type; 2-3 blades | Large-scale wind farms, grid-connected |
| Vertical Axis (VAWT) | Blades rotate around vertical axis; works with wind from any direction | Small-scale, urban applications |
| Onshore | Installed on land; easier installation and maintenance | Most current installations |
| Offshore | Installed in sea/ocean; higher wind speeds, larger turbines | Growing segment; higher output |
India's Wind Power Status (2024):
• Installed Capacity: ~45 GW (4th largest globally)
• Estimated Potential: 302 GW at 100m height; 695 GW at 120m
• Target: 140 GW by 2030
| State | Installed Capacity | Key Locations |
|---|---|---|
| Tamil Nadu | ~10 GW | Muppandal, Kayathar, Coimbatore |
| Gujarat | ~9 GW | Kutch, Jamnagar, Porbandar |
| Maharashtra | ~5 GW | Satara, Sangli, Ahmednagar |
| Karnataka | ~5 GW | Chitradurga, Davangere, Bellary |
| Rajasthan | ~4 GW | Jaisalmer, Jodhpur |
Wind energy is a mature, cost-effective renewable technology playing a crucial role in global energy transition. India, with substantial wind resources concentrated in coastal and hilly regions, has become a major wind energy market. While intermittency remains a challenge, advances in forecasting, grid management, storage, and hybrid systems are improving reliability. With ambitious targets and supportive policies, wind energy will continue to be a cornerstone of India's clean energy future alongside solar power.