What are fossil fuels? Give a brief account of application of fossil fuels.
Fossil Fuels are hydrocarbon-based energy sources formed from the decomposed remains of ancient plants and animals buried under layers of sediment over millions of years (300-400 million years). They are non-renewable energy sources that release stored chemical energy when burned.
| Type | Formation | Composition |
|---|---|---|
| Coal | Ancient plant matter in swamps | Carbon-rich solid |
| Petroleum (Oil) | Marine organisms under heat/pressure | Liquid hydrocarbons |
| Natural Gas | Similar to oil, less pressure | Methane (CH4) primarily |
Global Energy Share: Fossil fuels provide ~80% of world's primary energy. Coal: 27%, Oil: 31%, Natural Gas: 24%
Fossil fuels remain the backbone of global energy systems due to their high energy density, established infrastructure, and versatility. However, their combustion releases CO2 and other pollutants, contributing to climate change and air pollution. The transition to renewable energy is essential, but fossil fuels will continue to play a role during the transition period.